A procedure that involves the presentation of an event or stimulus following behavior that has the effect of decreasing the rate of response.

A procedure that involves the presentation of an event or stimulus following behavior that has the effect of decreasing the rate of response.

• A. Negative Punishment
• B. Positive Punishment
• C. Differential Reinforcement
• D. Cumulative Record

Answer: (B)

Adding an aversive stimulus after a behavior to decrease how often that behavior occurs is positive punishment. Here, the key is that something is presented (added) following the response, and this addition leads to a lower rate of the behavior in the future. For example, scolding after misbehavior introduces an unpleasant consequence that makes the behavior less likely to recur. This differs from negative punishment, which would involve removing something desirable after the behavior to reduce it. Differential reinforcement uses reinforcement to shape or reduce behavior through alternative responses rather than punishment, and a cumulative record is simply a chart of responses over time, not a procedure to alter behavior.

Adding an aversive stimulus after a behavior to decrease how often that behavior occurs is positive punishment. Here, the key is that something is presented (added) following the response, and this addition leads to a lower rate of the behavior in the future. For example, scolding after misbehavior introduces an unpleasant consequence that makes the behavior less likely to recur. This differs from negative punishment, which would involve removing something desirable after the behavior to reduce it. Differential reinforcement uses reinforcement to shape or reduce behavior through alternative responses rather than punishment, and a cumulative record is simply a chart of responses over time, not a procedure to alter behavior.