Behavior Analysis Fundamentals Practice Test

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• What is the name of a reinforcement schedule in which every instance of the target behavior is reinforced?
• Which term involves pairing two CSs (CS1+CS2) rather than CS-US?
• Which of the following is NOT a method of preference assessment?
• Which practice best promotes generalization across settings?
• Which term describes the belief that all events are necessitated by preceding events or conditions?
• Which term refers to pairing CS with US across trials when the CS is initially weak?
• When a US repeatedly elicits a UR, the repeated presentation of the US produces a gradual decline in the magnitude of the UR. Eventually, the UR may fail to occur.
• Which term best describes behavior innate from species history?
• An event or stimulus that an organism escapes or avoids.
• Any change in the environment that alters the effectiveness of some stimulus or event as reinforcement.
• Which statement best describes reinforcement and punishment?
• What is the primary focus of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?
• The phase of an experiment in which behavior is measured in the absence of an intervention?
• Describe forward chaining and backward chaining in task analysis and give a scenario where each is appropriate.
• Which of the following best describes MSWO (multiple-stimulus without replacement) preference assessment?
• What best describes generalization across settings and what strategies promote it?
• Which is an example of a continuous data recording method?
• Which term denotes an event or stimulus that has acquired motivational properties due to the organism's history and increases operant rate?
• Which pairing of a single-subject design with its described strength is correct?
• Rules determining how and when reinforcement is delivered following a behavior.
• Extinction in ABA involves ... and what is a typical initial behavioral change?
• What are two common methods for calculating interobserver agreement (IOA)?
• Which term describes the removal of a reinforcing stimulus following a response to reduce its occurrence?
• Which term describes a reinforcer whose effectiveness is learned rather than innately reinforcing?
• Which conditioning procedure presents the CS and US at the same moment?
• What is social validity in ABA and how can it be assessed?
• Any event or stimulus that increases the probability of an operant when it is removed.
• Which term describes behavior that is influenced by events that occur over an individual's lifetime, contributing to unique behavior?
• Which conditioning type occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented after the unconditioned stimulus?
• What term describes an event that precedes an operant and sets the occasion for operant behavior?
• Which term describes a CR to values of CS not specifically trained?
• In visual analysis of data, what does variability refer to?
• Repeated presentations of a reinforcer weaken its effectiveness, and for this reason, the rate of response declines.
• What term describes learning that occurs from pairing a neutral stimulus with a biologically significant stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits a response?
• Which contingency increases operant behavior by removing an ongoing event or stimulus?
• Which principle states that a higher-frequency behavior can reinforce a lower-frequency behavior?
• Which process decreases the frequency of a behavior by ceasing to provide reinforcement or presenting an aversive stimulus?
• Which term denotes the ability to respond differently to different stimuli?
• Which example illustrates automatic reinforcement?
• Which term refers to innate, species-typical behavior?
• Which description matches "Behavior that is private"?
• What term describes the automatic response to an eliciting stimulus?
• Antecedent interventions include which of the following?
• The scientific study of behavior, including its principles, processes, and applications, with a focus on understanding and improving behavior.
• What does functional equivalence mean in behavior analysis?
• Reinforcement provided after an unpredictable number of responses is called?
• The acquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism's behavior as a result of lifetime events.
• All of the events and stimuli that affect the behavior of an organism.
• Term coined by Thorndike describing results from learning experiments where animals make fewer errors over repeated trials?
• Which statement best distinguishes generalization from maintenance?
• What is a prompt hierarchy, and why is fading important?
• Which of the following best describes a DRL schedule?
• Which process decreases the probability of a behavior by presenting an aversive stimulus or removing a reinforcing stimulus after the behavior?
• Which term refers to the learning process driven by consequences?
• Which term is associated with reflexive responses that are elicited?
• Explain a token economy and its role in behavior change.
• What is the standard assessment approach in applied behavior analysis that directly manipulates environmental factors to identify causes and consequences of behavior?
• Which term describes the transfer of learned behavior across different settings, stimuli, or situations?
• What term is the ability to differentiate between stimuli and respond appropriately?
• Reinforcement provided for the first response after a fixed time interval is called?
• A verbal operant evoked by an establishing operation, resulting in specific reinforcement is called?
• Which type of reinforcer increases behavior when removed?
• Which concept refers to stimuli becoming perceived as equivalent through learning, involving reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity?
• Which procedure yields a weaker CR when CS and US are presented simultaneously?
• Which statement correctly differentiates a functional assessment from a functional analysis?
• Describe two types of time-out and a safety consideration.
• Which principle states that scientific explanations should be as simple as possible, preferring the simplest explanation?
• Which term describes the relationship between the rate of responses and the rate of reinforcement?
• What does immediacy of effect refer to in visual analysis?
• What conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus elicits a response after pairing with a biologically important stimulus?
• Which example illustrates automatic reinforcement?
• Which field focuses on improving socially significant behaviors in real-world settings?
• What is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
• What is NCR (noncontingent reinforcement) and when is it used?
• Which concept is defined as manipulating environmental factors to determine why a problem behavior occurs?
• What is the purpose of fading prompts in a prompt hierarchy?
• Which data-collection method provides a real-time graphical representation of responding with a steadily increasing slope as rate increases?
• Which principle emphasizes preferring the simplest explanation in science?
• Which term refers to the ability of stimuli to become equivalent due to learning?
• Explain socially significant behavior and give a robust example of a target for ABA.
• What term refers to the event that naturally elicits an unlearned response?
• Variable that is manipulated, changed, or controlled in an experiment.
• Reinforcement provided after a set number of responses, like rewarding every 5th response is called?
• Explain the concept of response cost and give an example.
• Reinforcement contingencies that an organism has been exposed to during its lifetime.
• Everything an organism does, including both overt actions and covert processes like thinking.
• Which term refers to the persistence of operant behavior when reinforcement is withheld (extinction) and is enhanced by intermittent reinforcement?
• Explain shaping and provide a brief example for acquiring a new complex behavior.
• Which of the following is a trio of key ethical principles guiding practice in ABA?
• A branch of behavior analysis that uses scientific methods to identify the principles that govern behavior through controlled experiments, usually in laboratory settings.
• Which term describes reinforcement contingencies that an organism has experienced over its lifetime?
• A term that refers to the scientific philosophy of behavior analysis.
• Describe data-based decision making in ABA and give an example of when to modify treatment.
• Which concept explains that behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences, affecting future behavior patterns?
• A naturally occurring reflexive behavioral response previously in an organism's repertoire that comes under the control of a stimulus.
• Behavior controlled by verbal or written rules rather than direct experience with contingencies describes which concept?
• A pattern in data showing a consistent rise or fall across successive measurements is called what?
• Which is NOT an antecedent intervention?
• Which term refers to the magnitude of the CR before any conditioning?
• A verbal operant responding to another's verbal behavior without direct reinforcement is known as?
• Which concept is the ability to recognize a stimulus as equivalent to itself?
• All forms of performance that have a similar function.
• Which type of reinforcer increases behavior when presented?
• Any behavior similar to a target behavior, reinforced in a program of shaping to produce the target behavior.
• An aversive stimulus based on conditioning history.
• What term describes a stimulus that naturally triggers an automatic response without prior learning?
• A phenomenon where changing reinforcement rates for one behavior affects another behavior in the opposite direction is called what?
• Permanent product recording is appropriate for which scenario?
• Which term describes the partial decrease of CR when CS presented without US, leading to extinction?
• Which research approach is focused on evaluating the effects of interventions on the behavior of a single subject?
• A data pattern described as a relatively consistent change in a data set in a single direction is called what?
• Which statement correctly defines maintenance in ABA and how it is promoted?
• Which research method focuses on observing and analyzing the behavior of individual subjects to infer intervention effects?
• What is the primary goal of Functional Communication Training?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four common functions of behavior?
• A procedure that involves the presentation of an event or stimulus following behavior that has the effect of decreasing the rate of response.
• What is a behavioral cusp, and why is it important?
• Which statement best describes maintenance in ABA?
• Which concept describes that if A is related to B and B is related to C, then A is related to C?
• What term refers to the physical form or characteristics of the response?
• Which term describes operant behavior that occurs at some probability in the presence of a discriminative stimulus?
• What term describes the number of responses that occur in a given time interval?
• The removal of an event or stimulus following behavior that has the effect of decreasing the rate of responses.
• Which term is closely tied to reflex pathways and denotes an automatic response?
• Which of the following best differentiates operant behavior from respondent behavior?
• What term describes behavior that is elicited by a specific stimulus?
• A method of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior, gradually guiding the behavior closer to the target.
• Which of the following is a negative reinforcement example?
• Which term describes the ability to reverse the relation between stimuli?
• The variable that is measured in an experiment, commonly called an effect?
• What is spontaneous recovery in the context of extinction?
• Which term describes the stimulus preceding an operant when reinforcement is not produced, and its presence reduces the probability of emitting the operant?
• What is the system where tokens earned for desired behaviors can be exchanged for reinforcers or privileges?
• What term describes the behavior designed to prevent an aversive outcome before it occurs?
• The tendency for a response to be elicited by similar stimuli is called what?
• Which description captures the relationship where an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unlearned response?
• Which term encompasses both overt actions and covert processes like thinking?
• Which operant is used when a person asks for something or to escape from an aversive condition?
• After several pairings, if the stimulus alone elicits a reflex, the stimulus is a what?
• Differentiate stimulus control and discrimination training with an example.
• A stimulus decreasing the frequency of an operant that produces it is known as a?
• Which statement best reflects strategies to promote generalization across settings?
• A reinforcement schedule in which some, but not all, the occurrences of a response are reinforced.
• What distinguishes continuous measurement from discontinuous measurement?
• In basic functional analysis, which set of test conditions is commonly included?
• Which term denotes continuous questioning and reevaluation of scientific knowledge and findings?
• A type of learning where behavior is controlled by its consequences, such as reinforcement or punishment.
• Which concept describes how the presence or absence of environmental stimuli can increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior?
• What is the term for a brief, initial surge of responses when extinction is first applied?
• Which phenomenon describes the return of an extinguished CR after time has passed?
• Which four test conditions are commonly used in a functional analysis?
• Differentiate punishment and extinction with respect to behavior change mechanisms.
• The branch of behavior analysis that applies principles to solve practical problems and improve socially significant behaviors in various contexts.
• Which term is the occurrence of a new response similar to a learned response?
• Which term denotes the variable that is manipulated in an experiment?
• If an FBA identifies attention-maintained problem behavior, which intervention best aligns with the function?
• Which term describes a procedure that combines extinction and reinforcement to change the frequency of a target behavior?
• The relationship between the occasion, the operant class, and the consequences that follow the behavior?
• The automatic, unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus is called a what?
• Which term describes the branch that uses controlled experiments to identify principles of behavior, often in laboratory settings?
• Which strategy is most consistent with increasing desired behavior while reducing problem behavior?
• Which conditioning procedure involves presenting CS after a time gap before US, less effective than delayed conditioning?
• What is the role of treatment integrity in ABA research and practice?
• A variable altering reinforcer or punisher effectiveness, changing behavior frequency is called what?
• Which process increases the probability of a behavior by presenting or removing a stimulus after the behavior?
• Which term describes an event that reduces the likelihood of emitting a behavior because it signals foregone reinforcement, often used in learning theory?
• The basic unit of analysis in behavior analysis, consisting of the Discriminative Stimulus, the Behavior, and the Consequence?
• A respondent conditioning procedure in which the CS is presented a few seconds before the US occurs.
• Behavior developing through direct interaction with environmental contingencies is best described as?
• Which schedule of reinforcement leads to a high, steady rate of responding with reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses?
• Which concept describes learning that develops from direct interaction with environmental contingencies?
• Which term refers to a stimulus that signals non-reinforcement and reduces the likelihood of the target behavior when present?
• A verbal operant where the speaker repeats a verbal stimulus heard is called?
• Which term describes learning where a CR occurs to one stimulus but not to other similar stimuli?
• Which function corresponds to gaining access to tangibles?
• Which term involves reliance on observation and experimentation to gather data and evidence?
• Respondent (CR) or reflexive (UR) behavior is said to be _______ in the sense that it is forced by the presentation of a stimulus (CS or US).
• In respondent conditioning, when the conditioned stimulus follows the unconditioned stimulus, this is known as what?
• The most basic single-subject design illustrating how specific features of the environment regulate behavior?
• Compare multielement designs and changing-criterion designs and identify which statement correctly differentiates them.
• Which verbal operant involves labeling or describing objects you observe?
• Which term refers to the natural eliciting event that produces a reflex without learning?
• Behavior that is only accessible to the person who emits it (e.g., thinking).
• A reinforcer assessment is particularly useful for identifying effective reinforcers for which applications?
• Which component best characterizes a function-based hypothesis in a Behavior Intervention Plan?
• In a functional analysis, what is the purpose of the control (play) condition?
• What term captures the principle that the proportion of responses matches the proportion of reinforcement?
• What is Functional Communication Training (FCT) and how does it relate to replacing problem behavior?
• Which of the following summarizes the steps to conduct a basic functional analysis in a school setting?
• What is maintenance in ABA and how can you promote it?
• Provide an example of an ethical dilemma in ABA practice and how to address it per the BACB Code.
• Any stimulus or event that increases the probability of an operant when it is added.
• Behavior that operates on the environment to produce a change, effect, or consequence.
• The occurrence of a new response similar to a learned response is known as what?
• Which term describes the physical form of a response?
• Which concept involves recognizing that initially distinct stimuli can become functionally equivalent through learning?
• Which single-subject design demonstrates functional control by alternating baseline and intervention phases?
• Which principle states that behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences?
• Which procedure involves pairing a new CS with a previously conditioned CS to produce CR?
• Which concept involves deriving a relation between stimuli that are not directly linked but connected through a chain?
• What term describes the persistence of behavior when reinforcement is intermittently provided rather than continuously?
• What is the purpose of a probe in single-subject designs?
• Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR) is typically used to reduce problem behavior by which mechanism?
• Which of the following is an example of a socially significant target for ABA?
• Reinforcement provided for the first response after an unpredictable time interval is called?
• Which term involves relying on observation and experimentation to gather data and evidence?
• Which term refers to the continued performance of a behavior over time due to ongoing reinforcement or maintaining contingencies?
• Define DRO, DRA, DRI, and DRL, with brief examples.
• Discuss the relationship between reinforcement magnitude and response strength.
• Which process involves gradually guiding behavior toward a target by rewarding closer approximations?
• Which verbal operant involves repeating the exact words spoken to you?
• Which design is most appropriate when reversal of a behavior is not ethical?
• Which are essential components of a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?
• Which term describes behavior that is stable and does not change over time?
• Which schedule reinforces some but not all occurrences of the response?
• Which term graphs the cumulative total of responses over time?
• A verbal operant evoked by a non-verbal stimulus, involving labeling or describing that stimulus is called?
• Which concept describes the property that if A is related to B, then B is related to A?
• Which term is the procedure of presenting the CS without the US after conditioning?
• Which term describes generalization of CR to stimuli similar to CS?
• The basic unit of analysis is the combination of discriminative stimulus, behavior, and consequence; this is called what?
• Which statement about fixed vs variable schedules is correct?
• What term denotes the pattern or rule governing when reinforcement is delivered after a behavior?
• Which term describes a system of earning tokens for desired behaviors?
• If every response is reinforced, which term best describes the reinforcement schedule?
• What are potential threats to internal validity in single-subject designs and how can you mitigate them?
• Which concept describes stimuli that vary in physical form but produce the same behavioral effect?
• Which term refers to the assumption that all events, including behavior, are determined by preceding events or conditions?
• Behavior reducing stimuli previously followed by punishment, preventing the punishment.
• In a functional analysis, which test condition set is typically used to identify maintaining functions?
• Which of the following describes indirect functional assessment methods?
• Term used to describe when the results of an experiment are observable in different environments, organisms, etc.
• Which statement defines motivating operations (MO) and its effect on reinforcement value?
• In a conversation, a person answers questions with a related word rather than repeating what was heard. This is?
• Which term describes all forms of behavior that have a similar function?
• Which is an escape-maintained behavior intervention example?
• Which statement best differentiates preference from motivation in reinforcement planning?
• Which term refers to stimuli that vary across physical dimensions but have a common effect on behavior?
• What is a probe in functional analysis or single-subject design?
• The ability to make different responses to different stimuli is called which?